Pestizide wirken synergistisch auf Bienensterblichkeit
In dieser Studie wurde eine Metaanalyse von 356 Interaktionseffekten aus 90 Studien durchgeführt, in denen Bienen einer Kombination von Pestiziden, Ernährungsstressoren und/oder Parasiten ausgesetzt waren. Die Forscher*innen wiesen insgesamt einen synergistischen Effekt zwischen mehreren Stressoren auf die Bienensterblichkeit nach. Das heißt, bestimmte Stressoren – speziell Pestizide – haben in Kombination eine höhere Wirkung auf die Bienensterblichkeit, als in der Summe ihrer Einzelwirkungen. Dieser Verstärkungseffekt wird von Umweltrisikobewertungssysteme bisher nicht ausreichend berücksichtig.
Original Studienzusammenfassung (englisch)
Agrochemicals interact synergistically to increase bee mortality
Global concern over widely documented declines in pollinators1,2,3 has led to the identification of anthropogenic stressors that, individually, are detrimental to bee populations4,5,6,7. Synergistic interactions between these stressors could substantially amplify the environmental effect of these stressors and could therefore have important implications for policy decisions that aim to improve the health of pollinators3,8,9. Here, to quantitatively assess the scale of this threat, we conducted a meta-analysis of 356 interaction effect sizes from 90 studies in which bees were exposed to combinations of agrochemicals, nutritional stressors and/or parasites. We found an overall synergistic effect between multiple stressors on bee mortality. Subgroup analysis of bee mortality revealed strong evidence for synergy when bees were exposed to multiple agrochemicals at field-realistic levels, but interactions were not greater than additive expectations when bees were exposed to parasites and/or nutritional stressors. All interactive effects on proxies of fitness, behaviour, parasite load and immune responses were either additive or antagonistic; therefore, the potential mechanisms that drive the observed synergistic interactions for bee mortality remain unclear. Environmental risk assessment schemes that assume additive effects of the risk of agrochemical exposure may underestimate the interactive effect of anthropogenic stressors on bee mortality and will fail to protect the pollinators that provide a key ecosystem service that underpins sustainable agriculture.
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